منابع مشابه
Management of Specific Phobias
Specific phobias are considered among the most common mental disorders. Besides structured and semistructured interviews various self report measures and behavioral approach tests form an important part of comprehensive assessment. Exposure based therapies (EBT) outperform most nonexposure treatments and are considered the treatment of choice. Various factors affect the efficacy of EBT and newe...
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Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal kingdom. Pavlovian fear conditioning is an exemplar of this form of learning that is exhibited by both rats and humans. Recent years have seen an incredible surge in interest in the neurobiology of fear conditioning. Neural cir...
متن کاملFears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning.
An evolved module for fear elicitation and fear learning with 4 characteristics is proposed. (a) The fear module is preferentially activated in aversive contexts by stimuli that are fear relevant in an evolutionary perspective. (b) Its activation to such stimuli is automatic. (c) It is relatively impenetrable to cognitive control. (d) It originates in a dedicated neural circuitry, centered on t...
متن کاملAn experimental demonstration that fear, but not disgust, is associated with return of fear in phobias.
It has been suggested that disgust, rather than anxiety, may be important in some phobias. Correlational studies have been ambiguous, indicating either that disgust increases phobic anxiety or that phobic anxiety potentiates disgust. In the experimental study reported here, disgust and phobic anxiety were manipulated in the context of habituation to phobic stimuli. Spider fearful participants w...
متن کاملThe Etiology of Specific Phobias: a Review
The present article summarizes themy and data about symptomutology, epid.emio&y, and etiology of specijii phobias. Additionally, the cognitive mechanisms involved in specific phobias are briefly discussed. By and Icrrg, the general pattern behind tk development of specific phobias can be summarized as follows. Specijk fears are highly preualent among young children. In most children, these fear...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Learning & Memory
سال: 2017
ISSN: 1549-5485
DOI: 10.1101/lm.044115.116